Hosseyn Mohammadi; Taghi Karimian; Madjid Rahmani
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, , Pages 127-145
Abstract
Today tourism, as a phenomena affecting the process of development, has attracted much attention. It has profound effects on human life from different aspects: economic, cultural social , environmental and physical. Climate, as an important aspect of natural environment affects humanlife considerably ...
Read More
Today tourism, as a phenomena affecting the process of development, has attracted much attention. It has profound effects on human life from different aspects: economic, cultural social , environmental and physical. Climate, as an important aspect of natural environment affects humanlife considerably and the effect of climate not only leads to the development of tourism, but also it produces demand for tourist services. This study uses a descriptive analytical method and by referring to the related documents inspects contribution of travel and tourism in socio-economic development of countries. Also, analysis carbon emission sources, predict all categories of travel and tourism and specify the most prominent measures against emission in each sector and the entire unit. In addition, this research presents the critical role of contribution in innovations in each part within the unit and in other industrial sectors (e.g.energy). the speed and reduce the allocation criteria pollutants offers. The purpose of this paper is identifying specific pollutant of travel and tourism and measures of preventing the pollutants. The results show that pollutants of the transport sectore of travel and tourism will grow at 2% per year until 2035.
Hossein Mohammadi; Ommolbanin E'temad
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, , Pages 79-89
Abstract
Today, air pollution is considered a very important international issue. Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Geographic location, topography, climate, and industrial concentration cause pollutants to accumulate in the city. One of the diseases that is increasing due to air pollution ...
Read More
Today, air pollution is considered a very important international issue. Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Geographic location, topography, climate, and industrial concentration cause pollutants to accumulate in the city. One of the diseases that is increasing due to air pollution is lung cancer. In this study, the relationship between atmospheric elements such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity and sight less than 2 km, and atmospheric pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone, (O3) airborne particles (PM-10) and dust during a 10-year statistical period, (1999-1999), was investigated using descriptive statistical methods and correlations and regression relationships, and the analysis of the effects of monthly and annual means of variables on the mortality of lung cancer in Tehran were studied. The results show that there is a high correlation between lung cancer and atmospheric elements. There is a meaningful relationship between the smaller mean number of days with weaker sight and the monthly mean number of lung cancer incidence. With increase of dust in a month, mortality has also increased, as dust is found in the city air more than other pollutants. There is a significant relationship between the monthly variables of contaminants with lung cancer, and there is a strong correlation between the annual mean of pollutants and lung cancer. The association between the annual average of dust and lung cancer is 99%.
Hossein Mohammadi; Hamideh Afsharmanesh; Sadegh Barzegar
Volume 20, Issue 77 , May 2011, , Pages 15-18
Abstract
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency that often leads to hospitalization. Hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal part is the most common complication of gastric ulcer (peptic ulcer) (1) with high mortality and cost. In spite of the fact that the physical, psychological and social ...
Read More
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency that often leads to hospitalization. Hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal part is the most common complication of gastric ulcer (peptic ulcer) (1) with high mortality and cost. In spite of the fact that the physical, psychological and social dimensions of health are affected by the climatic elements, there is no detailed information on the effect of these elements on the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in Kerman. Also, the pattern of seasonal fluctuations in gastrointestinal bleeding has not yet been shown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between climatic elements such as temperature and atmospheric pressure on the number of gastrointestinal bleeding and its seasonal fluctuations in Kerman. Information about gastrointestinal bleeding of 393 patients recorded in Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman during 2006 and 2007 were studied in relation to seasonal fluctuations and climatic elements such as atmospheric pressure and temperature of the city during the two years mentioned above. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and T test.The results of the Anova test showed that the number of gastrointestinal bleeding increased in summer and decreased in winter (P = 0.012). Also, Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that there was a direct statistical relation between monthly number of gastrointestinal bleeding cases and mean monthly temperature As with rise in temperature, the number of gastrointestinal bleeding also increased (P = 0.023, r = 0.46). However, the number of gastrointestinal bleeding did not show a significant relationship with the mean pressure of the atmosphere (P = 0.77, r = 0.66).According to the results of this study, the geographical situation and climatic conditions can be considered as one of the factors associated with gastrointestinal bleeding.
Ebrahim Moghimi; Hossein Mohammadi; Hiva Elmi Zadeh
Volume 19, Issue 75 , November 2010, , Pages 35-41
Abstract
Soil is one of the most important factors of production that has a great impact on human economic and social life. Earth's surface is generally covered with soil and surface deposits. Soil erosion is one of the most important issues that we face today. Increasing exploitation and lack of proper human ...
Read More
Soil is one of the most important factors of production that has a great impact on human economic and social life. Earth's surface is generally covered with soil and surface deposits. Soil erosion is one of the most important issues that we face today. Increasing exploitation and lack of proper human management of the natural environment have a great influence on the intensification of soil degradation and erosion. In this research, by analyzing effective geomorphologic parameters, the erosion and sediment production in the Nachi basin is studied and, along with necessary studies, effective strategies and suggestions are presented. In this study, in addition to field surveys, various documents such as topographic maps, geology, resources and land potential, vegetation, various statistics related to hydrometric stations, sedimentation, meteorology, pluviometry, along with aerial photos and satellite imagery have been used as research tools. In order to estimate the amount of erosion and sediment in the studied area, the modified PSIAC model has been used. By studying the nine effective factors in this model, the production rate of sediment and erosion in hydrological units of the basin have been estimated. Accordingly, the annual erosion and sediment in the total study area is estimated 1254 m3 for each 1 km2.
Hossein Mohammadi
Volume 17, Issue 65 , May 2008, , Pages 23-27
Abstract
The statistical sample used in this research was the seasonal and annual temperature in Iran during the period of 35 years (1960-1995). In this regard, among 110 synoptic and climatologic stations, synoptic stations of Isfahan, Ahwaz, Bandar Anzali, Bandar Abbas, Tabriz, Khorramabad, Zahedan, Mashhad ...
Read More
The statistical sample used in this research was the seasonal and annual temperature in Iran during the period of 35 years (1960-1995). In this regard, among 110 synoptic and climatologic stations, synoptic stations of Isfahan, Ahwaz, Bandar Anzali, Bandar Abbas, Tabriz, Khorramabad, Zahedan, Mashhad and Yazd, whose temperature data are complete during 35 years and need not to be reconstructed have been selected. The annual temperature series of selected Iranian stations were evaluated in terms of analysis of periodic variations by factor and non-factor tests. Based on series examinations, temperature series of Ahwaz, Bandar Abbas, Khorramabad and Mashhad follow the patterns of periodic changes, and the rest of the stations were without periodic variations. The series with periodic variations were analyzed and predicted by percentage change method. Considering the analysis and prediction of periodic changes in temperature of the stations, the northeastern, southern and southwestern parts of Iran have periodic changes, and the central, northern and northwest of Iran do not follow the periodic variation patterns.
Hossein Mohammadi; Gholam Reza Roshan
Volume 16, Issue 61 , May 2007, , Pages 50-53
Abstract
On Monday, August 29, 2005, the Hurricane Katrina swept the South American coast of the Gulf of Mexico at a speed of 250 kilometers per hour, causing thousands of deaths and enormous financial losses in three states of Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi. Although Katrina was a natural disaster, it was ...
Read More
On Monday, August 29, 2005, the Hurricane Katrina swept the South American coast of the Gulf of Mexico at a speed of 250 kilometers per hour, causing thousands of deaths and enormous financial losses in three states of Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi. Although Katrina was a natural disaster, it was nevertheless man-made, caused by abnormal actions of human beings on natural environments and the increasing use of greenhouse gases in industrialized countries, especially in the United States. In the following, it can be stated that one of the political consequences of Katrina's occurrence has been to disturb security and public order during the occurrence of this incident.
